Form N - 3.04
SHEI
"Ternopol State Medical University Horbachevsky
MOH
UKRAINE"
(Full name of
university)
Department of Human Anatomy
"APPROVED"
First Pro-rector
Prof. Mysula
IR
"14" June 2013
Syllabus
STUDY SUBJECTS
Human Anatomy
(Code and name of discipline)
Training direction 1201 Medicine
(Code and name of the field of study)
Specialty
7.12010005 - "Dentistry"
(Code and name of specialty)
Faculty Dental
(Name of institution,
faculty, department)
2013 - 2014 Year
The work program on human
anatomy
(Name of discipline)
In the direction of 1201
Medicine,
Specialty 7.12010005 "Dentistry"
Developers:
Dr. Med., professor of anatomy Gerasimyuk
I Ye
Assistant professor of anatomy Flekey
P P
Assistant professor of anatomy Juszczak
M V
Assistant Department of Human Anatomy Galitska-Harhalis O Ya
(Specify
authors, their positions, degrees and academic titles)
Syllabus endorsed by
the Department
of Human Anatomy
Minutes from
the "12" in June 2013 ¹ 11
Head of the Department of Human Anatomy
|
|
(Gerasimyuk IE)
(Signature) (Surname and initials)
Ó __________,
2013
Ó __________,
2014
1.
Description
Discipline
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Name of indicators |
Discipline, training direction, education and
qualification level |
Characteristic of discipline |
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full-time
education |
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Credits - 14.5 |
Discipline ____ 1201 ___ Medicine (Code and name) |
Normative |
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Modules - 3 |
Specialty: 7.12010005 "Dentistry" |
Year of training |
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Content modules - 17 |
1st |
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Semester |
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Total hours -315 |
1st |
2nd |
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Lectures |
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Weekly hours for full-time study: audience - 9.9 independent work of students - 5.85 |
Educational qualification: specialist |
6 hours |
12 hours |
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Practical |
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60 hours |
120 hours |
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Laboratory |
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Independent work |
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24 hours |
93 hours |
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Individual tasks: |
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Type of control: |
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Test control
module |
Test control
module |
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Note.
Ratio of number of hours of
classroom training and independent work is (%):
For full-time study
- 65: 35
2. The aims and objectives of the
discipline
Objective: Human Anatomy aims to:
·
trained physician by
profession according to the power of the semantic module (natural-scientific training);
·
be the basis for building the
content of the discipline;
·
mastering the structure of
systems of rights;
·
to determine anatomical
preparations topographic anatomical relationship of the person;
·
mastery of Latin terminology
in accordance with international anatomical nomenclature (San Paulo, 1997);
·
evaluation of age, sex and
individual
structure of organs
Objectives:
·
analyze information the structure of the human
body, of which it consists, organs and tissues;
·
determine the topographic anatomical relationships
of organs and human systems;
·
interpret patterns of prenatal and early postnatal development
of the human versions of variability, malformations;
·
interpret sex, age and individual peculiarities of
the structure of the human body;
·
predict the interdependence and unity of the
structures and functions of human variability under the influence of
environmental factors;
·
determine the influence of social conditions and
work on the development and structure of the human body;
·
To demonstrate the moral - ethical attitude to a living person and her
body as an object of anatomical and clinical study.
A study of the discipline
the student must
Know:
–
All anatomical structure of the human body;
–
navigate the topographic location of anatomic
features and human systems;
Be able to:
–
free to use anatomical terminology;
–
determine the placement of certain organs and
entire systems, blood vessels, nerves in the physical body;
–
display and called on radiographs, CT and MRI of
the body, certain organs and blood vessels;
–
dissect the different parts of the physical body;
3.
Program
Discipline
Module 1. Anatomy of the
musculoskeletal system
Content
module 1. Introduction
to Anatomy
Specific objectives:
- Identify the subject
and the problem of anatomy, basic anatomical methods;
-
Assess the main areas of modern anatomy;
- Analyze the formative stages
of human anatomy as the fundamental discipline;
- To analyze the
contribution of prominent scientists and anatomists Ukraine and Kyiv in the
Ukrainian establishment of schools and anatomists including Kiev anatomical
school.
Theme 1. Subject and tasks of anatomy. Research methods in anatomy. The
main directions of development of modern anatomy
Human anatomy is the
science of form and structure, origin and development of the human body, its
organs and systems. Anatomy provides a systematic description of the shape,
structure, condition and topographical relationship of the parts and organs of
the body, taking into account their age, sex and individual characteristics.
The main directions of
development of modern anatomy are age anatomy, comparative anatomy, plastic
anatomy, anthropology, environmental and other
anatomy.
Basic research methods in
anatomy - a visual study, anthropometric studies, preparation,
macro-microscopic study microscopic study. Modern methods of research in anatomy: x-ray
methods, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound,
endoscopy and others.
Theme 2. The
development of Ukrainian anatomical schools
Formation and development
of Ukrainian anatomical schools.
Theme 3. Kiev’
anatomical school
Formation and
development of Kyiv anatomical school. Contribution MI Kozlov, OP Valtera,
VA Betz, MA Tikhomirov, FA Stefanisa,
MS Spirova, II Baize in the anatomical
development of the Kiev school and the importance of their work for the modern
anatomy.
Content
module 2. Anatomy of bones
Specific objectives:
- Use anatomical terminology to refer to the
bones, the explanation of the topography;
- Apply the anatomical planes and axes to
explain the topography of bones and their parts;
-
Identify and analyze the concept of "bone as the body";
-
To analyze the mechanisms of bone development in embryogenesis;
-
Use classification to analyze the structure of the bones of the skeleton bones;
-
Describe and demonstrate the structure of the bones of the body, skull and
limbs.
Theme 4. Bone as
an organ. Classification of bones.
Bone
development in embryogenesis
General information
about the skeleton. Bone development (ontogeny). Primary and secondary bone. Classification of
bones. Bone as an organ. Compact and spongy bone material, its
structure. Chemical
composition, physical and mechanical properties of bone. The structure of a
tubular bone: part of it. Features of the structure of the bones in children, youth, mature,
elderly and senile age. Bone X-ray image. The impact of social and environmental factors on the development and
structure of skeletal bones.
Theme 5. Anatomical
nomenclature. Axes and planes of the body
The concept of
international anatomical nomenclature. Its importance for the study of anatomy and
unify the study of natural sciences and clinical disciplines. Basic anatomical
terms that reveal the topography of anatomical objects and their main
characteristics.
Anatomical planes
(sagittal, frontal, horizontal) and axis
(Front,
vertical, sagittal), their characteristics, use to describe the bones and their
parts.
Theme 6. Anatomy of the
bones of the trunk
The bones of the
skeleton: vertebrae, ribs, sternum. General characteristics of the
spinal column. General plan of the vertebrae. Peculiarities of the
cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccygeal bone. Age-and
gender-vertebral structure. The impact of social and environmental factors
on the structure of the vertebrae. Malformations of the
vertebrae.
Classification of
edges. The structure of
the ribs and sternum. Age-and gender-structure sternum. The impact of social and
environmental factors on the structure of the ribs and sternum.
Theme 7. Anatomy of the
skull bones
The development of the
cranial ontogeny. The brain and facial skull. The structure of the bones that form the skull
brain: frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal, lattice. The structure of the
bones that form the facial skull: mandible, maxilla, zygomatic,
nasal, palatine, Lacrimal, hyoid bone, vomer, inferior turbinate. The vault of the skull,
external and internal base of the skull. Front, middle and posterior cranial fossa,
fossa eye, bone nasal cavity, temporal, Infratemporal
fossa. Age and gender structure
of the skull. Variations and anomalies of the cranial bones. X-ray anatomy of the
skull.
Theme 8. Anatomy of the
bones of the upper and lower extremities
Upper limb: its
divisions. The bones of the upper
limb: the departments. Upper
extremity: clavicle, scapula, and their structure. The free part of the upper
limb: humerus, forearm and hand, their structure. Development of
bones of the upper limb in ontogeny. Variations and anomalies of
the bones of the upper limb.
Lower limb: its divisions. The bones of the lower
extremity: departments. The
belt of the lower extremity: hip bone, its structure. Parts
of the hip bones, their structure. The free part of the lower limbs: femur, tibia
bone, feet, their structure. The development of bones of the
lower limb in ontogeny. Variations and anomalies of the bones of the lower extremity.
Age, sex structural
features of the bones of the extremities. Specific structural
features of the bones of the upper and lower limbs, due to processes of
anthropology. The impact of
sport, work, social factors and environmental factors on the structure of the
bones of the upper and lower extremities.
Content
module 3. Connecting bones
Specific objectives:
- Identify and analyze the types of
connections between the bones;
- Describe and demonstrate the connection
between the bones of the body;
- Describe and demonstrate the connection
between the bones of the skull;
- Describe and demonstrate the connection
between the bones of the upper extremities;
- Describe and demonstrate the connection
between the bones of the lower extremities;
Theme 9. Anatomy
of continuous and discontinuous joints between the bones. The
development of connections between the bones in the ontogeny
Classification of joints
between the bones: Fibrous connection (syndesmosis), cartilaginous connection (synhondrosis),
symphysis. Diartroz (synovial connection joints): definition,
basic features of the joint, their characteristics. Additional components of
the joints. Classification of
joints in structure, shape of the articular surfaces function. Simple, compound, complex
and combination joints: their characteristics. Types of movements and their
analysis (axis movements plane movements).
Theme 10. The connection between
the bones of the body and bones of the skull
Classification of
joints of the spinal column. The joints of the vertebral column: median atlanto-axial joint, lateral atlanto-axial
joint, lumbosacral joint, sacrococcygeal joint: their
structure. Vertebral column as
a whole. Age, gender-spine
as a whole. The impact of
sport, work, social factors and environmental factors on the spine as a whole.
Connecting chest:
their characteristics and structure. Thorax as a whole, its
structure. The impact of sport,
work, social factors and environmental factors on the structure of the chest as
a whole.
Connecting skull:
classification.
The joints of the skull: the temporo-mandibular joint
and the atlanto-occipital joint: their structure. X-ray anatomy of the temporo-mandibular joint. Age features of the skull connection:
fontanel, their types, structure.
Theme 11. The connection
between the bones of the upper and lower extremities
The connection of
the upper extremity. Connecting
pectoral girdle: syndesmosis upper extremity and
upper extremity joints (acromioclavicular joint and sternoclavicular joint), their structure. The free upper extremity:
shoulder joint, elbow, forearm connection, the wrist joint, the joints of the
hand.
The connection of
the lower limbs. Connecting pelvic girdle: syndesmosis, pubic symphysis, the sacroiliac joint. Age,
gender, individual characteristics of the pelvis. The free lower limb: hip
joint, knee joint, compound lower leg bones, ankle joints, the joints of the
foot. Arch of the foot.
X-ray anatomy bone joints
of the upper and lower extremities. The impact of sport, work, social factors and
environmental factors on the structure of compounds bones of the upper and
lower extremities.
Content
module 4. Myology
Specific objectives:
- Identify and analyze the concept of
"muscle as the body";
-
Analyze the classification of skeletal muscle topography, development,
structure, form and so on.;
- Analyze the development
of skeletal muscle in ontogenesis;
- Describe and demonstrate the muscles and
fascia of the body;
- Describe and demonstrate the muscles and
fascia of the head and neck;
- Describe and demonstrate the muscles and
fascia of the head;
- Describe and demonstrate the muscles and
fascia of the neck;
- Describe and demonstrate the muscles and
fascia of the upper limb;
- Describe and demonstrate the muscles and
fascia of the lower extremities.
Theme 12. Muscle
as an organ. Classification of muscles. The
development of skeletal muscle
Body muscle - the
definition. Tendon, aponeurosis. Auxiliary aids muscle: fascia, synovial
sheath, synovial bags, sesamoid bones, tendon arch
muscle power. Anatomical and
physiological widths muscles: basic information about the strength and muscle
performance, the concept of leverage. Home and attachment of muscles: their functional
characteristics.
Classification of
muscles: the development, topography, shape, size, direction of muscle fibers,
function and so on.
Muscle development in
ontogenesis. Muscles power of the
trunk, head, and neck, upper and lower extremities.
Theme 13. Anatomy muscles
and fascia of the body
Classification of
muscles of the trunk by topography, development and form. Segmental structure
of the muscles of the trunk.
Back muscles: superficial and deep, their
characteristics. Breast-lumbar
fascia.
The muscles of the chest: superficial and
deep, their characteristics. Thoracic fascia, intra thoracic fascia.
Abdominal muscles: muscles
of the anterior, lateral and posterior walls of the stomach and their
characteristics. The fascia of the
abdomen. White line. Umbilical ring. Inguinal canal. Vagina recti.
Aperture - definition. Parts of diaphragm: apertures,
their contents, and triangles.
Theme 14. Anatomy
muscles and fascia of the head and neck. Topography of the
Neck
The muscles of the head:
classification. Masticatory muscles
and their characteristics. The
muscles of the face, they are unlike other skeletal muscles. Classification of
muscles of face, their characteristics. The fascia of the head.
Neck muscles:
classification. Superficial, medium
and deep neck muscles and their characteristics. The fascia of the neck: anatomic
classification and anatomical and topographical classification. Topography of the Neck:
areas, triangles, open spaces.
Theme 15. Anatomy muscles and fascia of the upper and lower
extremities. Topography of the upper and lower extremities
Muscles of the upper
limb: classification. The muscles of the upper limb girdle and their characteristics. The muscles of the
shoulder: classification and their characteristics. The muscles of the forearm: classification,
their characteristics. The
muscles of the hand: classification and their characteristics. The fascia of the
upper limb. Axillary fossa,
axillary cavity, its topography, triangles, quadrilateral and trilateral holes. Brachiocephalic
muscular canal. Grooves
on the front surface of the shoulder. Cubital fossa. The furrows on the
anterior surface of the forearm. Carpal tunnel, synovial
sheath tendon flexor muscles. Synovial bags.
Muscles of the lower
limb: classification. Muscles
of the lower limb girdle: classification, their characteristics. The muscles of the hip:
classification and their characteristics. The muscles of the lower leg: classification
and their characteristics. The
muscles of the foot: classification and their characteristics. The fascia of the
lower limb. Muscular and
vascular Gulf of topography and content. Femoral triangle. Grooves on the
front of the thigh. The drive channel. Popliteal fossa. Channels
tibia: ankle-popliteal channel top and bottom muscle-shin channels. Furrows sole of the foot. Femoral canal. Holders of the
extensor muscles, flexor muscles. Synovial sheath synovial
bags and muscles of the lower limbs. Mechanisms that support the arch of the foot:
Tightening foot passive (ligaments) and active (muscle).
Age, sex and
individual characteristics of skeletal muscle. The impact of sport,
work, social factors and environmental factors on the structure of skeletal
muscles of the trunk and extremities.
Module 2. Splanchnology. Central
nervous system and sense organs
Content module 5. Anatomy of the Digestive
System
Specific
objectives:
- Analyze the classification of internal organs;
- Determine the overall body plan of tubular
organs and organ-evaluate structural features inherent in a tubular organ, due
to its function.
- Determine the overall body plan of
parenchymal organs;
- Analyze the development of the oral cavity
and its derivatives in embryogenesis;
- Analyze the development of the digestive
system in embryogenesis;
- Analyze anomalies and variants of the digestive
system;
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of the
mouth and its derivatives
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of the
digestive system;
Topic 1. Introduction to splanchnology. Classification of
internal organs. General laws of the tubular structure. Common structural patterns of
parenchymal organs
Classification of
internal organs and parenchymal elements. General plan of the walls of tubular organs: mucous membrane, muscle
membrane, the outer membrane. Characteristics of each
shell. Organ structural features
of the mucous membranes, depending on the function of the organ. Serous membrane: relation of variants to the
peritoneum. Common structural
patterns of parenchymal organs.
Theme 2. General anatomy of
the digestive system Embryogenesis Oral cavity and its
derivatives. Embryogenesis of digestive
system. Anomalies and variants of the digestive system
Digestive system: organs function. The development of the oral cavity and its
derivatives. The development of the
gastrointestinal tract. The development of the
liver and pancreas. Primary and secondary
body cavity. Sources of serous
membranes. The development of the
peritoneum. Structural mechanisms of
defects of the mouth and its derivatives. Anomalies and variants of development of the
gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas.
Theme 3. Anatomy of the mouth and its
derivatives
Mouth: part of it. The walls of the vestibule of the mouth and oral
cavity proper, their combination.
Teeth. Parts of the tooth. . Surface of the crown. General structure of the teeth. Periodontium. Permanent teeth: their formula, description of each
tooth. Anatomical features of the permanent teeth. Timing of eruption of permanent teeth. Baby teeth: formula, structural features, terms
eruption. X-ray anatomy of the teeth. Bite. Development of teeth. Anomalies and variants of the teeth.
Palate: hard palate, soft palate, their structure. Tonsils.
Tongue: part. Features of the structure of the mucosa, tongue
muscles.
Mouth cancer: classification, their
development. Small salivary glands: classification,
topography, structure. Major salivary glands: topography,
characterization, structure, classification.
Theme 4. Anatomy of the
digestive tract
Throat, its topography,
parts, connections. Fauces: its limits. Lymphatic (lymphoid) ring of the pharynx. The structure of the pharyngeal wall: mucosa,
pharyngeal-main fascia, muscles of the pharynx, the outer shell.
Esophagus: topography, parts, structure wall. Narrowing of the esophagus. X-ray anatomy of the esophagus.
Stomach: topography, of the stomach. The structure of the stomach wall: structural
features of the mucosa (topography, cancer), muscle layer and serosa. Links stomach. Variations form the stomach:
Anatomic (on the body) and x-ray (a living person). The shape of the stomach, depending on the type of
body structure. Age features of the topography and structure
of the stomach.
Small intestine, its
departments. Duodenum: parts, topography, variations of
form and position. X-ray anatomy of the duodenum. Topography of
the mesenteric small intestine: empty and ileum. The structure of the wall of the small intestine. The structure of the mucosa: intestinal villi,
glands, folds, lymphatic (lymphoid) nodules. Peculiarities of the mucosa of the small intestine
in its various departments. The
structure of the muscle membrane. Normal peritoneum each section of the small intestine. Age-related structural features of the small
intestine.
Colon: departments. The structure of the wall of the large intestine: mucosa (glands,
folds, lymphatic (lymphoid) nodules), muscle membrane, serous membrane. Normal peritoneum each section of the colon. The cecum and appendix: topography, structural
features. Variants position of the appendix and its
projection on the anterior abdominal wall. Colon: parts, bends, their topography, structural features of the
mucosa and muscle layer. Normal peritoneum. Rectum: parts, bends, topography. Features topography of the rectum, depending
on gender. Features of the structure
of the mucosa and muscle layer. Normal
peritoneum. Pyloric channel: topography, structural
features of the mucosa and muscle membranes. Muscle-latches anus.
Macroscopic structure undo
the small and large intestine.
Age-related structural
features of the colon.
X-ray anatomy of the colon. The shape and position of the colon in a
living person.
Theme 5. Anatomy large
digestive glands: liver and pancreas
Liver. Topography. External structure: edges, surfaces and their relief. Communications of the liver. Normal peritoneum. The internal structure of the liver: share,
segments, segments. The vessels of the liver. Liver function.
Ways secretion of bile. Gallbladder: topography, parts, structure wall
function. The common bile duct: formation, topography.
Age features of the topography and structure
of the liver. Age related structural features of the
gallbladder.
Pancreas: parts, topography, structure,
functions. Pancreatic ducts.
Age features of the topography and structure
of the pancreas.
Theme 6. Anatomy of the
peritoneum
Peritoneum. The abdominal cavity and its contents. Peritoneal cavity and its contents. Parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum: their
characteristics. Options ratio of internal
organs to the peritoneum. Derived peritoneum: ripple,
gaskets, connections, their structure and function. Derived peritoneal cavity: bags (liver, pregastric,
omental - their walls, connections), sinus, channels,
recesses, holes, depressions. The topography of the peritoneum in the pelvic
cavity: sexual characteristics. Topography parietal
peritoneum on the front, the back wall of the abdominal cavity.
Content module 6. Anatomy of the Respiratory
System
Specific
objectives:
- Analyze the development of the respiratory system
in embryogenesis;
- Analyze anomalies and variations of the
respiratory system;
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of the
respiratory system;
Theme 7. General anatomy of the respiratory system.
Embryogenesis of
the respiratory system
Respiratory system: organs function. The upper and lower airways. Development of the respiratory system in ontogenesis. Variations and anomalies of
the respiratory system.
Theme 8. Anatomy of the
Respiratory System
External nose: part structure. Nasal cavity: vestibule, nasal passages, paranasal sinuses. The functional part of the nasal cavity. The nasal part of the
pharynx. Age features of the nasal cavity.
Larynx. Topography. The structure of the larynx: cartilage, ligaments, joints and muscles. Elastic cone quadrangular membrane. The cavity of the larynx: parts, their
limits. Vocal folds, creases
vestibule. Glottis. Mechanisms of phonation. X-ray anatomy of the larynx. Age features of the larynx.
Trachea: parts, topography, structure wall. Main bronchi: topography, structure wall. Bronchial tree. Age features of the trachea and main bronchi.
Lungs: Topography, external structure. Gates lungs. The root of the lung and its components. Shares, segments, segments of the lung. Acinus. The circulatory system of the lungs. X-ray anatomy of the trachea, bronchi, lungs. Age features of the lungs.
Pleura. Parietal pleura and its topographical parts. Visceral pleura. Pleural cavity: content, crannies, their functional
significance.
Projection pleural sacs
on the walls of the chest cavity.
Mediastinum: definition, limits. The bodies of the anterior mediastinum. Bodies posterior mediastinum.
Topical module 7. Anatomy of the Urinary System
Specific
objectives:
- Analyze the development of the urinary system in
embryogenesis;
- Analyze anomalies and variations of the urinary
system;
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of the
urinary system.
Tema.9. General anatomy
of the urinary system.
Embryogenesis of
the urinary system. Anomalies and variations
Development of
urinary system
Urinary system: organs function. Development of the urinary system in
ontogenesis. Variations and abnormalities of the urinary
system: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
Theme 10. Anatomy of the urinary system.
Kidney: topography of the right and
left kidney. Outer structure of the kidney. The ratio of buds to the peritoneum. Shell kidney. Fixing apparatus of
the kidney. Topography elements renal
legs. The internal structure of
the kidney. Segments of the kidney. Nephron - structural and functional unit of the
kidney. The structure of the
circulatory system of the kidney. Urinary tract. Small renal calyx, major renal calyx, renal pelvis, structure wall
function. X-ray anatomy of the kidney. Age features of the topography and structure of the
kidney.
Ureter: parts, topography, structure wall
function. Normal peritoneum. Narrowing of the ureter.
Bladder: form, external structure, parts. Features topography in men and women. The structure of the wall of the bladder:
structural features of the mucosa, muscle layer. Normal peritoneum (depending on the functional
state).
Women's urethra. Male urethra.
X-ray anatomy of the urinary tract (ureters,
bladder, urethra). Age features of the bladder.
Content module 8. Anatomy of the reproductive
systems
Specific
objectives:
- Analyze the development of the female
reproductive system in embryogenesis;
- Analyze anomalies and variations of the female
reproductive system;
- Analyze the
development of the male reproductive system in embryogenesis;
- Analyze anomalies
and variants of development of male reproductive system;
- Describe and demonstrate
on preparations structure of the internal and external female genitalia;
- Describe and
demonstrate on preparations structure of internal and external male genitalia.
Theme 11. General anatomy of the male reproductive system. Embryogenesis of
the male reproductive system. Variations and anomalies
development of the male
reproductive system
Male reproductive system: organs function. Classification of the male reproductive
system. The internal male
genitalia. The external male
genitalia. The development of the
male reproductive system ontogeny. Variations and anomalies of the internal male sex organs: testis,
epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, the prostate gland. Variations and anomalies of the external male
genitalia.
Theme 12. Anatomy of the male
reproductive system
The internal male sex
organs. Testis: topography, structure. Epididymis. The process of lowering the
testicles. Shell testicles. Vas deferens: parts, their
topography, structure wall. Spermatic cord and its
components. Seminal vesicle: topography, structure,
functions. Ductus deferens. Prostate: topography, parts, structure, functions. Bulbo-uretral gland. Age features internal male sex organs.
The external male
genitalia. Penis, its structure. Male urethra: parts, their topography, structure
wall.
Theme 13. General anatomy of the female reproductive system.
Embryogenesis of
the female reproductive system. Options
and abnormalities of
the female reproductive system
Female reproductive system: organs function. Classification of the female reproductive
system. Internal female
genitalia. External female
genitalia. The development of the
female reproductive system ontogeny. Variations and anomalies of the internal female reproductive organs:
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina. Variations and anomalies of the external female
genitalia.
Theme 14. Anatomy of the female reproductive system. Crotch.
Internal female
genitalia. Ovary: Topography, external structure,
internal structure, relations ovarian relation to peritoneal function. Cyclic
changes in the structure of the ovary. Age related
structural features of the ovary.
Uterine tube: topography, parts, structure
walls relation to peritoneal function.
Uterus: topography, shape, parts, structure
wall. Ligament of the uterus,
the relation to the peritoneum function. Age related features of the structure of the uterus and its options
position.
Vagina: vault, wall structure.
X-ray anatomy of internal female reproductive
organs.
External female
genitalia. Women pudendal area:
pubic increase, large pudendal lips, small pudendal lips, vestibule of the vagina, vestibule bulb,
large vestibule glands, small vestibule glands. The clitoris. Female urethra.
Perineum: determination, topography. Urogenital diaphragm: boundaries, muscle, fascia,
sexual withdrawal. Pelvic diaphragm: limits
muscle fascia. Illia-Sciatic fossa: scope,
content.
Content module
number 9. Anatomy of the
immune and endocrine systems
Specific
objectives:
- Identify common patterns of structure and function of the central
organs of the immune system (lymph or primary lymphoid organs);
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of the
immune system;
- Identify
common-of the structure and function of the endocrine system;
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of the
endocrine system;
Theme 15. General anatomy of
the central and peripheral organs of the immune system
Immune system: functions. Classification of immune (lymphatic or
lymphoid) system function. Central organs of the immune system (primary
lymphoid organs or lymph): bone marrow, retrosternal gland (thymus) -
structural patterns of their functions.
Peripheral organs of the immune system (lymph
and secondary lymphoid organs): structural patterns of their functions.
The development of the immune system in
embryogenesis.
Theme 16. Anatomy of the
immune system
Central organs of the
immune system (lymph or primary lymphoid organs). Red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow. Topography, structure, functions. Age features of the bone marrow. Retrosternal gland (thymus): topography,
structure, functions. Age features of the thymus.
Peripheral organs of the
immune system (lymph and secondary lymphoid organs). Spleen: topography, structure, functions. Lymphatic
(lymphoid) ring throat: tonsils what its form, their topography, structure,
functions. Lymph nodes: classification,
structure, function. Single lymphatic (lymphoid) nodules:
topography, structure, functions. Clusters of lymphatic (lymphoid) nodules:
topography, structure, functions. Clusters of lymphatic (lymphoid) nodules of
the appendix: topography, structure, functions. Age-related features of the structure of the peripheral immune system.
Theme 17. General anatomy of
the endocrine organs
General principles of the
structure of endocrine organs. Structural
definition of "endocrine function." Structured implementation mechanisms of hormone
action. Classification of
endocrine organs.
Development of endocrine
organs in embryogenesis. Of functional activity of
endocrine organs during the prenatal period of human ontogenesis. Variations and malformations of endocrine
organs.
Theme 18. Anatomy of the
Endocrine system
Thyroid gland: topography, structure, functions.
Parathyroid gland: topography, structure, functions.
Adrenal gland: structure, functions. Topography of the right and left adrenal
glands.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas:
structure, function.
Pituitary: topography, parts, structure,
functions.
The pineal gland: topography, structure,
functions.
Content modul10. Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
Specific
objectives:
- Identify the general principles of structure and
function of the central nervous system;
- Analyze the development of the central nervous
system in ontogenesis;
- Analyze anomalies
and variants of the spinal cord and brain;
- Describe and demonstrate the external and
internal structure of the spinal cord.
Theme 19. Introduction to the
CNS. General principles of the structure of reflex arcs. The gray and white
matter of the CNS. The development of
the central nervous system in ontogenesis
The leading role of the
nervous system in the body, its importance for the integration of systems of a
single-piece body, to establish the relationship of the organism with the
environment. Classification of the nervous system for
topographic level (central nervous system and peripheral nervous system) and
anatomical and functional level (somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous
system). The general principle of
the structure of the neuron. Morphological
and functional classification of neurons. Receptors and their classification. General plan of synapses. Reflex arc. Gray matter of the CNS. Glia. Principles of spatial organization of the gray
matter of the CNS. Ganglia. White matter of the CNS. Nerve fibers, nerve bundles, roots.
The development of the
nervous system in ontogenesis. The
development of the spinal cord in embryogenesis. Brain development in embryogenesis: stage three and five brain bubbles
and their derivatives. Anomalies of the spinal
cord. Abnormalities of the
brain.
Subject 20. External and internal structure of the spinal cord.
The
structure of the spinal nerve
Topography of the spinal
cord and its limits. The outer structure of the
spinal cord (surface furrows cord, thickening).Segmental structure of the
spinal cord. The ratio between the
vertebrae and spinal cord segments. The internal structure of the spinal cord: central canal, gray and
white matter. The structure of the
posterior, lateral and anterior horns of the spinal cord. White matter: classification. Composition of the front, side and rear ropes
spinal cord. Own segmental apparatus
of the spinal cord. The sensor node spinal
nerve. Front and rear spine. The formation of the trunk of the spinal nerve. Age-related structural features of the spinal
cord.
Content module 11. Anatomy of the Brain
Specific objectives:
- Analyze the classification of the brain for
anatomical principles and developments;
- Describe and demonstrate the external and
internal structure of the brain.
Theme 21. Brain development in embryogenesis.
Anatomy
of the original diamond-shaped brain and midbrain
The brain. The brain: the great brain, cerebellum,
brain stem. Classification of the brain developments. The
original diamond-shaped brain: medulla oblongata and hindbrain
Medulla oblongata: boundaries, external
structure. Internal structure: gray and white matter.
Bridge: external structure. Internal
structure: gray and white matter.
Cerebellum: Topography, external
structure. Internal structure: gray and white matter. Composition legs cerebellum.
Rhomboid fossa: formation, boundaries,
topography. The projection of the nuclei of the cranial
nerves on the surface of rhomboid fossa.
Fourth ventricle: wall connection.
Midbrain its parts. Roof plate: external structure, internal
structure: gray and white matter. Brain stem, parts, internal structure:
gray and white matter. Plumbing the brain.
Theme 22. Anatomy derivatives
forebrain
Derived forebrain: the diencephalon, the final
brain.
Diencephalon: parts (dorsal - thalamic brain,
ventral part - the hypothalamus). Parts thalamic brain: the thalamus, epithalamus,
metatalamus. Thalamus: external
structure. Internal structure: nucleus and their functions. Epithalamus: parts. The pineal gland
and its functions. Metatalamus: parts and
their functions. Hypothalamus: its components. Pituitary. The nuclei of the hypothalamus and their functions. Hypothalamic-pituitary system. The third ventricle:
wall connection.
Final brain: cerebral hemisphere. Corpus callosum, fornix, anterior commissure. Olfactory
brain: parts and their components. Basal nuclei: topography, parts,
functions. The bark of the brain. The
relief of the cerebral hemispheres: sulcus and convolutions. Morphological
bases of dynamic localization of functions in the cerebral cortex of the
brain. Hemispheric white matter: classification. Associative fiber:
classification, function. Commissural fibers and their
functions. Projection fibers: Classification. Internal capsule:
parts, topography pathways in each part.
Lateral ventricles: parts, their topography, walls,
connections.
Age-related features of the structure of the brain.
Theme 23. Pathways of
CNS
Pathways - determination. Anatomical and
functional classification of the pathways of the central nervous system:
associative pathways (short and long), commissural pathways projection pathways
(ascending and descending). Ascending (afferent)
pathways: exteroceptive, proprioceptive, interoceptive. Descending
(efferent) pathways: pyramidal, extrapyramidal, cortical-bridge. Pyramidal
motor system (centers, pathways). Extrapyramidal system (centers,
pathways).
Theme 24. Meninges
of the spinal cord and brain. Formation
and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid paths.
Meninges of the spinal
cord. Intermeningeal
spaces and their contents. Meninges of the brain. Peculiarities of dura mater of the brain. Processes dura mater of the brain, their
topography. Sinuses dura
mater of the brain. Intermeningeal spaces
of the brain and their contents. Formation and
circulation of cerebrospinal fluid paths.
Content module 12. Sense organs
Specific
objectives:
- Identify the general
principles of structure and function of the senses;
- Analyze the
development of the senses and in ontogeny;
- Analyze anomalies
and variations of the senses;
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of
the eyeball and additional structures of the eye;
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of
the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear.
Theme 25. Anatomy senses
Anatomical and functional
characteristics of the senses. Peripheral receptors, guides and cortical
centers analyzers, their functional integrity. Olfactory
organ. Olfactory mucosa of the nose. Pathways olfactory analyzer.
Organ of taste. Taste papillae of the tongue, their
topography. Pathways taste analyzer.
The total cover. Skin: function. Types
of skin sensitivity. Breast gland.
Theme 26. Eye
and structure formation.
Ontogeny eye. Anomalies and variants
of the eye. Topography, structure, functions. Eyeball. Shell eyeball: fibrous, vascular, inner
(retina) - their structure. Eyeball cameras: front, back, their
walls. Vitreous body, lens. Aqueous humor: a
place of education, flight paths. Accommodative
apparatus of the eye. Additional structures of the eye: eyelids,
eyebrows, conjunctiva, external muscles of the eyeball, eye socket
fascia. Lacrimal apparatus and its components. Pathways of the visual analyzer. Pathways
pupillary reflex.
Subject 27. Anatomy
of the ear
Ear. Development ear
ontogeny. Abnormalities of the ear. Parts
of the ear: outer, middle and inner ear. Outer ear part of their structure. Mean ear
piece. Tympanic cavity: wall content. Hearing pits: their
structure. Joints, ligaments, muscles of auditory ossicles. The combination of the
tympanic cavity. Auditory tube: part structure. Inner ear
pieces topography. Bone Maze: vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea, their structure. Membranous labyrinth: vestibular
labyrinth, semicircular ducts, their structure. The
mechanism of perception and ways of conducting sound. Pathways of hearing and balance.
Module 3. Heart. The vessels and nerves of
head, neck, trunk and extremities
Content module 13. Cranial
nerves
Specific
objectives:
- Analyze the
classification of the cranial nerves.
- Identify the general principles of the
structure of the cranial nerves of different origin.
- Describe and demonstrate
the structure of the I-XII pairs of cranial nerves.
- Analyze the
overall structure vegetative nodes of the head.
Topic 1. Classification
of cranial nerves.
general anatomy of
vegetative nodes of the head
General characteristics
of the cranial nerves. Common features and differences in the structure of the cranial and
spinal nerves. Classification of cranial nerve
function (motor, sensory, mixed). Classification
of cranial nerve origin. The development of the
cranial nerves due to the senses. Differences structure of the
cranial nerves, brain derivatives (I, II vapor) from the rest of the cranial
nerves. General plan of motor, sensory and mixed cranial
nerves. General plan of vegetative nodes of head: roots and branches.
Theme 2. Anatomy I-XII
pairs of cranial nerves.
Anatomy of cranial nerves: the nucleus, their
localization, the output of the nerve cord, with
skull, nerve branches, the composition of the fibers,
topography, areas of innervation. I, II pairs of cranial nerves -
especially their anatomy. IV, VI couples: their core, the output of the
nerves of the brain from the skull, areas of innervation. Pair of cranial
nerves III: kernel output nerve of the brain from the skull, the branches, the
composition of the fibers, areas of innervation, link of vegetative nodes of
the head (ciliary node). Pair of cranial nerves
V: intracranial part - kernel ternary node, sensory and motor roots. Branches V pairs: the composition of fibers out of the skull area
innervation, having links with the vegetative nodes of the head. VII
pair and intermediate nerve: nucleus, topography, branches, composition of
fibers, areas of innervation. Bundles of intermediate
nerve branches from the vegetative nodes of the head (wing-palate,
submandibular, sublingual). Anatomy VIII couples: Part-sensitive
units, topography. IX pair: kernel output nerve of the brain from the skull,
the branches, the composition of the fibers, areas of innervation link of
vegetative nodes of the head (ear node). Pair X: kernel-sensitive units,
the output of nerve brain from the skull, branches, areas of
innervations. XI pair: kernel output nerve of the brain from the skull,
areas of innervation. XII pair: kernel output nerve of the brain from the
skull, areas of innervation. Vegetative nodes of the head (wing-palate, Ciliary, submandibular, hypoglossal, otic): their roots and branches, areas of
innervations.
Content module 14. Anatomy of
the Heart
Specific
objectives:
- Analyze the development of heart ontogeny;
- Analyze anomalies and variations of the heart;
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of the
heart;
- Describe the large pulmonary circulation, fetal
circulation.
Theme
3 . Introduction to the cardiovascular system. Anatomy of the heart.
A large circle and pulmonary circulation. Circulation of the fetus.
General principles of the
structure and function of the cardiovascular system. The components of the cardiovascular cardiovascular system: arteries, veins. Lymphatic vessels, the principles of their structure, functions.
Topography of the heart. The shape, the
position of the heart. External structure of the
heart. Chambers of the heart: their structure. Heart valves. The structure of the heart wall:
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium. Conducting system of the heart. Arteries
and veins of the heart. Core, its structure,
pericardial cavity contents sinus. Mapping
boundaries of the heart and valves on the front wall of the chest cavity. Developmental anatomy of the heart. A
large circle and pulmonary circulation. Circulation
of the fetus.
Theme 4 . The
development of the heart in embryogenesis.
Anomalies and variants of the
heart.
Stages of development of the heart in human embryogenesis. Variations and anomalies of the heart. Structural mechanisms of cardiac abnormalities.
Content module 15. The vessels of the head and neck.
Specific
objectives:
- Identify the general principles of structure
and function of the cardiovascular system.
- Describe and
demonstrate the arterial vessels of the head and neck.
- Describe and
demonstrate the veins of the head and neck.
- Identify the
lymphatic vessels and nodes of the head and neck.
- To analyze the source of blood supply and
innervation of the head and neck.
Theme
5 . Arterial vessels of the head
and neck
Aorta of the aorta. Aortic arch and its
branches. Common carotid artery: topography, branches. Features of the right and left common carotid artery. External
carotid artery: topography, classification of branches. The branches of
the external carotid artery: topography, areas of blood supply. The
internal carotid artery: parts, their topography. The branches of the
internal carotid artery: topography, areas of blood supply. Subclavian artery: parts, their topography. Features
right and left subclavian artery. The branches
of the subclavian artery: topography, areas of blood
supply. Blood supply of the brain and spinal cord. Arterial
circle of the brain. Intersystem arterial anastomoses in the region of
the head and neck.
Theme 6. Veins of the head
and neck
The internal jugular vein: formation,
topography, classification tributaries. Intracranial
tributaries, tributary of extracranial internal
jugular vein.
Pterygoid plexus: topography, formation. Anastomosis between the intracranial and extracranial
internal jugular vein and its tributaries. The external jugular vein:
formation, topography, tributaries. Anterior jugular vein: formation,
topography, tributaries. Jugular venous arch: topography,
formation. Brachiocephalic vein: education (roots), topography,
tributaries. Superior vena cava: education (roots), topography,
tributaries.
Theme 7. Anatomy lymph
trunks and lymph ducts.
Thoracic duct: roots, topography, tributaries,
the confluence of the venous system. The right lymphatic duct: roots,
topography, confluence of the venous system.
Theme 8. Anatomy of the
lymph vessels and nodes of the head and neck
Jugular trunks: formation, topography, areas
of collecting lymph to the lymph duct confluence.
Lymph nodes of head: classification, topography,
areas of collecting lymph, lymph outflow path.
The lymph nodes of the neck: classification,
topography, areas of collecting lymph, lymph outflow path.
Theme 9. Vascularization
and innervation of the head and neck.
Vascularization (blood circulation, lymphatic
and venous outflow) and the innervation of the head and neck: oral
mucosa, soft palate, tongue, upper and lower teeth, throat, tonsils, parotid
gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, mucous membrane of the nasal
cavity, pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, eyeball, Lacrimal gland, the external
muscles of the eyeball, the outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, the brain, the
cerebellum, brain stem, masticatory muscles, the muscles of the face (facial)
muscles, neck muscles, skin, face, temporomandibular
joint.
Content module 16. The vessels and nerves of the body
Specific objectives:
- Identify the general principles of structure
and function of blood vessels;
- Analyze the source and mechanism of the
arteries in embryogenesis;
- Analyze anomalies and variants of the
arteries;
- Describe and
demonstrate the structure of the arteries of the chest cavity, abdominal cavity
and pelvic cavity;
- Identify the general principles of structure
and function of the veins;
- Analyze the source and mechanism of the
veins in embryogenesis;
- Analyze anomalies and variations of the
veins;
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of
the veins of the body;
- Identify the general principles of structure
and function of lymphatic vessels;
- Identify the general
principles of structure and function of the autonomic peripheral nervous system
(autonomic nervous system);
- To analyze the source
of blood supply and innervation of the chest cavity, abdominal cavity and
pelvic cavity.
Theme 10. General
anatomy of blood vessels
Anatomical classification
arteries. Classification
arteries wall structure. Types of branching arteries. The main patterns of distribution of arteries in the human body. Arterial intersystem and intersystem anastomoses. Sources and mechanisms of the arteries. Arterial arches
and their derivatives. Variations and anomalies of the
great arteries. The concept of collateral paths
(bypass) flow of blood. Age features of arteries.
X-ray anatomy of the
arteries.
Theme 11. arteries
of the chest cavity, abdominal cavity
and pelvic cavity
Aorta and its parts. Thoracic aorta: topography,
classification of branches. The branches of the thoracic aorta and areas
of blood supply. The internal thoracic artery (a branch of the subclavian artery): topography, branches, areas of blood
supply. Intrasystem and intersystem arterial anastomoses.
The abdominal aorta: topography, classification of
branches. Parietal branches of the abdominal aorta: topography, areas of
blood supply. Visceral branches of the abdominal aorta: even and
odd. Paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta:
topography and areas of blood supply. Odd visceral branches of the
abdominal aorta: topography and areas of blood supply. Intrasystem
arterial anastomoses between the branches of the abdominal aorta.
Common iliac artery: formation, topography,
branches. Internal iliac artery: topography, classification of
branches. Parietal and visceral branches of the internal iliac artery:
topography, areas of blood supply, and intersystem intersystem
arterial anastomoses.
Theme 12. General anatomy of
the veins. Veins of the torso. Intrasystem and intersystem venous anastomoses
Anatomical classification
veins. Classification by venous wall structure. Roots and
tributary veins. Superficial veins, deep veins. Venous
grid, venous plexus. Sources and mechanisms of
the main veins. Variations and anomalies of the
main veins. Age characteristics of veins. X-ray
anatomy veins.
Superior vena cava: roots, tributaries,
topography.
Azygos vein: formation, topography, classification
of tributaries, areas of collecting venous blood. Hemiazygos
vein: formation, topography, classification of tributaries, areas of collecting
venous blood. Veins of the spinal column.
Inferior vena cava:
roots, topography, classification tributaries. Parietal and visceral
tributaries of the inferior vena cava, venous blood collection sites.
Portal hepatic vein: roots, topography,
tributaries. Superior mesenteric vein: topography, tributaries, areas of collecting
venous blood. Inferior mesenteric vein: topography, tributaries, areas of
collecting venous blood. Splenic vein: topography, tributaries, areas of
collecting venous blood. Branching portal hepatic
vein in the liver.
Common iliac vein: roots topography. Internal
iliac vein: topography, tributaries. Venous plexus of
the pelvic organs.
Intersystem Venous anastomoses. Venous
anastomoses intersystem cava-caval anastomoses, porto-caval anastomoses and porto-caval
anastomoses.
Theme 13. general
anatomy of lymphatic vessels
Classification of lymph vessels. Lymphatic
capillaries: the structure and function of the wall. Lymph capillary: wall
structure and function. Lymphatic vessels: wall structure and
function. Superficial and deep lymph vessels. Lymphatic
trunks: jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal,
lumbar, intestinal - their formation, topography, function. Lymph ducts:
the thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct. The development
of lymphatic vessels in embryogenesis. Variations
and anomalies of the lymphatic ducts. Age related structural
features of lymphatic vessels.
Lymph nodes. Lymph nodes Chest: classification. Ways
outflow of lymph from the lungs, heart and esophagus. The lymph nodes of
the abdominal cavity: Classification. Lymphatic vessels
and regional lymph nodes of the stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, kidney,
uterus, ovaries. Lymph pelvic cavity: classification. Lymph outflow tract of the pelvic organs.
Theme 14. Anatomy of the peripheral
autonomic
nervous system
General of the structure and function of the autonomic peripheral
nervous system (autonomic nervous system). Morphological
differences in the structure of the somatic nervous system and autonomic
nervous system. Morphological differences in the
structure of the reflex arc of the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous
system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic
nervous system: morphological, functional differences between objects
innervation. The centers of the autonomic nervous system
in the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral division of the autonomic
nervous system: autonomic nodes, nerves, autonomic plexus. Classification of vegetative nodes, their topography, and
preganglionic, postganglionic nerve fibers.
The sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. Centers in the spinal cord. Sympathetic trunk:
topography, classification of nodes, interstitial branches. White and gray
connecting branches: formation, topography. The branches
of the cervical sympathetic trunk nodes, their topography and areas of
innervation. Cute roots of vegetative nodes of the head. The branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk nodes, their
topography, areas of innervation. The branches of
the lumbar sympathetic trunk nodes, their topography, areas of innervation. Branches of the sacral sympathetic trunk nodes, their topography,
areas of innervation.
Parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. Cranial part:
vegetative nodes of the head, their topography, roots, branches, areas of
innervations. Pelvic part.
Visceral Plexus:
traumatic cervical portion of the thoracic, abdominal portion of the pelvic.
Traumatic cervical
part visceral plexus: plexus common carotid, internal carotid plexus external
carotid plexus, subclavian plexus - their education,
areas of innervation.
Thoracic part
visceral plexus: breast aortic plexus, cardiac plexus, esophageal plexus,
pulmonary plexus - their education, areas of innervation.
Abdominal part
visceral plexus: abdominal aortic plexus: its secondary plexus, their
topography and components, areas of innervation. Sources
of formation, composition of fibers abdominal aortic plexus.
Pelvic plexus:
superior hypogastric and inferior hypogastric
plexuses. Lower hypogastric plexus: its secondary
plexus, their topography, areas of innervation. Sources
of formation, the composition of the lower fibers hypogastric
plexus.
Theme 15. vascularization
and innervation of the walls and the chest cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic
cavity
Vascularization (blood circulation, lymphatic
and venous outflow) and the innervation of the walls and the chest cavity:
front, back and side walls of the chest cavity, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi,
lungs, pleura, heart, core of the esophagus.
Vascularization (blood circulation, lymphatic
and venous outflow) and the walls and the innervation of the abdominal
cavity: anterior, posterior and lateral walls of the abdominal cavity, the
spinal cord, liver, gall bladder, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, ileum and
empty), colon pancreas, kidneys, adrenals, spleen
Vascularization (blood circulation, lymphatic
and venous outflow) and the walls and the innervation of the pelvic
cavity: the walls of the pelvis, perineum, ureters, bladder, urethra, ovaries,
uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, external female genitalia, testicles, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, external male
genitalia.
Content module 17. The
vessels and nerves of the upper and lower extremities
Specific objectives:
- Describe and demonstrate the vessels of the
upper extremities;
- Describe and demonstrate the vessels of the
lower extremities;
- Identify the general principles of structure
and function of the peripheral nervous system;
- Describe and demonstrate the structure of
the somatic nerve plexus;
- To analyze the source
of blood supply and innervation of the skin, muscles and joints of the upper
extremity;
- To analyze the source
of blood supply and innervation of the skin, muscles and joints of the lower
limbs.
Theme 16. Vessels of the
upper extremity.
Arteries of the upper limb. Axillary artery:
topography, parts, branches, areas of blood supply. Brachial artery:
topography, branches, areas of blood supply. Radial artery: topography,
branches, areas of blood supply. Ulnar artery: topography, branches, areas
of blood supply. Ulnar articular network: a source of
education. Dorsal carpal network: topography, sources of formation,
branches, areas of blood supply. Palmar carpal network: topography,
sources of education, areas of blood supply. The superficial palmar arch:
topography, sources of education, areas of blood supply. The deep palmar
arch: topography, sources of education, areas of blood supply. Arterial
anastomoses of the upper extremity. Projections of upper
extremity arteries to the skin.
The veins of the
upper limb: classification. Superficial and deep veins of the upper
extremity: their characteristics, patterns of topography and
structure. Axillary vein: topography, tributaries.
Superficial and deep lymphatic vessels of the upper extremity. Lymph nodes
of the upper limb: classification.
Theme 17. Vessels of the
lower limbs.
The arteries of the lower limbs. External iliac
artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply. Femoral artery:
topography, branches, areas of blood supply. Popliteal artery: topography,
branches, areas of blood supply. Front tibia artery: topography, branches,
areas of blood supply. Posterior tibial artery:
topography, branches, areas of blood supply. Articular knee mesh: source
entity. Side stones network: topography, sources of education, areas of
blood supply. Medial stones network: topography, sources of education,
areas of blood supply. The arteries of the foot: dorsal artery of foot,
lateral plantar artery medial plantar artery - their topography, branches,
areas of blood supply. Arterial anastomoses of the lower limbs. The projection of the lower extremity arteries to the skin.
The veins of the
lower limb: classification. Superficial and deep veins of the lower limbs:
their characteristics, patterns of topography and structure. Superficial and deep lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs. The
lymph nodes of the lower limb: classification.
Theme 18. Introduction to
the peripheral nervous system. Spinal
nerves. General plan of formation of somatic nerve plexus
The components of
the peripheral nervous system: nerves, ganglia, nerve plexus nerve
endings. General plan of the nerve. Vessel-nerve bundles. Classification
nerves. Segmental distribution of peripheral
nerves. Ganglia: classification. General
plan of sensitive sites. Spinal nerve: formation, composition of
fibers, twigs, compliance with the segments of the spinal cord. Rear
branches of spinal nerves: structure of fibers, topography, general patterns of
innervation. Posterior branch of the cervical, thoracic,
lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves. Forward branches of spinal
nerves: structure of the fibers. General regularities of
formation of somatic nerve plexus. General laws
of anatomy anterior branches of thoracic nerves. How
spinal nerves of the autonomic nervous system.
Subject 20. Somatic nerve plexuses: cervical,
brachial, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal. Thoracic nerves.
Cervical plexus: a
wealth formation, topography, branches, areas of innervations.
Brachial plexus: a wealth formation,
topography. Trunks of the brachial plexus. Classification of branches. Supraclavicular part: short
branches of the brachial plexus, their topography and areas of
innervation. Subclavian part: bundles of
brachial plexus. Long branches of the brachial plexus: formation,
topography, areas of innervation. The projection of the
long branches of the brachial plexus in the skin. Topohrafoanatomical relationship between nerves and blood vessels of the upper
extremities. Lumbar plexus: a wealth formation, topography,
branches, areas of innervations. Sacral plexus: a wealth formation,
topography, classification of branches. Short branches of the sacral
plexus: topography, areas of innervation . branches
of the sacral plexus Long: topography, areas of innervation. Coccygeal plexus:
the sources of formation, topography, branches, areas of innervations.
Thoracic nerve: branches. Intercostal nerves:
topography, composition of fibers, branches, areas of innervations.
Theme 21. vascularization
and innervation of the upper and lower extremities. Blood
supply and innervation of the muscles of the back.
Vascularization (blood supply and venous
drainage) and the innervation of the upper extremity joints: upper
extremity joints, shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint.
Vascularization (blood circulation, lymphatic
and venous outflow) and the innervation of the muscles of the upper
extremity: shoulder girdle muscles, shoulder muscles, forearm muscles, muscles
of the hand.
Vascularization (blood supply and venous
drainage) and innervation of the lower extremity joints: hip, knee, ankle
joint.
Vascularization (blood circulation, lymphatic
and venous outflow) and the innervation of the skin and muscles of the
lower extremities: muscles of the pelvis, thigh muscles, leg muscles, muscles
of the foot.
Vascularization (blood circulation, lymphatic
and venous outflow) and innervation and back muscles, chest and abdomen.
4. The structure of the discipline
5.
Topics of lectures
|
Number |
The theme of the lecture
|
Number of hours |
|
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|
Module
1. Anatomy of the musculoskeletal system |
|
|||||
|
Content
Module 1 - Introduction to anatomy. Content
Module 2 - Anatomy of skeleton. |
|
|||||
|
1 |
Introduction to Human Anatomy. Initial
stages of human embryogenesis. General doctrine of
bone. |
2 |
|
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|
Content
Module 4 - Myology. |
|
|||||
|
2 |
The general
doctrine of muscle.
|
2 |
|
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|
3 |
Muscles,
fasciae and topography of the head and neck.
|
2 |
|
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|
Total |
6 |
|
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|
Module
2. Splanchnology. Central nervous system and
senses. |
|
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|
Content
Module 5 - Anatomy of the digestive
system. |
|
|||||
|
4 |
Introduction to splanchnology. Anatomy of the oral cavity.
General anatomy of the digestive system.
|
2 |
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|
Content
Module 6 - Anatomy of the respiratory
system. |
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|
Content
Module 7 - Anatomy of the Urinary
System. |
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|
Content
Module 8 - Anatomy of reproductive
system. |
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|
5 |
General anatomy of the respiratory, urinary and
reproductive systems. |
2 |
|||
|
Content Module 10 - Anatomy of the
spinal cord. Content Module 11 -
Anatomy of the brain. |
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|
6 |
General
anatomy of the central nervous system. The development of the dorsal
nerve.
|
2 |
|||
|
Total |
6 |
||||
|
Module III. Heart. The vessels and nerves of head, neck, trunk and extremities. |
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|
Content Module 13 - Cranial nerves. |
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|
7 |
Anatomy
of cranial nerves.
|
2 |
|||
|
Content Module 14 -
Anatomy of the heart. |
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|
8 |
The general
theory of the cardiovascular system.
|
2 |
|||
|
Content Module 15 -
The vessels of the head and neck. |
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|
9 |
General
principles of blood supply and innervation of the head and neck.
|
2 |
|||
|
Total |
6 |
||||
6. Topics
of seminars - not provided
7. Topics
of practical classes
|
¹ |
Theme
of the practical classes |
Hours |
||||
|
Module 1.Anatomy of
musculoskeletal system. |
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|
Content module 1. Introduction to Human Anatomy. Content module 2. Anatomy of bones and Content module 3. Connections skeletal bones and limbs. |
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|
1. |
Basic
anatomic terminology. The meaning of anatomy in doctors training.
Acquaintance with a department. Anatomic
nomenclature. Axis and planes. General characteristics of skeleton. The
structure of bones. Periosteum. General
arthrology. |
6 |
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|
2. |
General structure of vertebra. Cervical, thoracic and lumbar
vertebras. Sacral bone, coccyx. Ribs, sternum Connection
of trunk bones. Vertebral column as the whole. Thorax as the whole. |
6 |
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|
3. |
Bones of upper extremity. Connection of upper extremity bones. Bones
of lower extremity. |
6 |
||||
|
4. |
Connection of lower extremity bones Skull. Frontal, parietal and occipital bones. Connection of skull with
vertebral column Sphenoid and ethmoid
bones. |
6 |
||||
|
5. |
Temporal bone. Canals of temporal bone. Maxilla and mandible. Maxillary
sinus, its shape and structure. Small bones of facial skull. |
6 |
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|
6. |
Skull as the whole. Basis of skull. Temporal, subtemporal and pterygopalatine fossa. Orbit. Nasal cavity. |
6 |
||||
|
7. |
Connection of skull bones. Preparation of the bones and joints. |
6 |
||||
|
Content module 4.Myology. |
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|
|
Muscles of the back (superficial and deep).
Topography and fasciae. |
|
||||
|
8. |
Muscles
and fasciae of thorax and abdomen. Topography and fasciae. Diaphragm. Inguinal
canal. Muscles
of head (classification, origin, insertion, action). Fasciae of the head. Topography of head and neck. |
6 |
||||
|
9. |
Muscles
of the shoulder girdle arm
and forearm. Muscles
of hand. Topography and
fasciae of the upper limb. Muscles
of hip, thigh and leg. |
6 |
||||
|
10. |
Muscles
of the foot. Topography and fasciae of the lower limb. Preparation muscles of
head. Preparation of neck muscles. |
6 |
||||
|
Total |
60 |
|||||
|
Module 2. Splanchnology. Central nervous system and organs of sense. |
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|
Content
module 5. Anatomy of the digestive system. |
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|
11. |
Oral cavity. Tongue, palatine, salivary
glands. Teeth, their structure. Periodont
structure. Teeth formula. Notion of dento maxillary
segment. Permanent teeth.
Structure of upper and lower small and big molar teeth. |
6 |
||||
|
12. |
Structure of deciduous teeth. Dentition.
Effacement of the teeth Correlation of teeth roots with topographical
structure of the skull. Pharynx, oesophagus, stomach. Small and large intestine. |
6 |
||||
|
13. |
Liver.
Gall bladder.Pancreas. Peritoneal cavity, its elements and floors. |
6 |
||||
|
Content
module 6. Anatomy of the respiratory system. |
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|
|
External nose. Nasal cavity. Larynx. |
|
||||
|
14. |
Trachea.
Bronchi. Lungs. Pleura. Mediastinum.
|
6 |
||||
|
Content
module 7. Anatomy of the urinary system. |
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|
|
Kidneys, ureters. Urinary bladder. |
|
||||
|
Content
module 8. Anatomy of the reproductive systems. |
||||||
|
15. |
Female genital organs. Female
urethra. Male genital organs. Perineum. Preparation of thoracic and
abdominal cavities. |
6 |
||||
|
Content
module 9. Anatomy of spinal cord. |
||||||
|
16. |
Spinal cord. External structure.
Meninges of spinal cord. Internal structure. Spinal nerves. Posterior roots. General
review of brain. Position 12 pairs of cranial nerves on the brain base Meninges
of brain. Sinuses of dura
matter. |
6 |
||||
|
Content
module 10. Anatomy of cerebrum. |
||||||
|
17. |
Medulla
oblongata. Pons. Cerebellum. Fourth ventricle. Rhomboid fossa (nuclei of
cranial nerves). Rhomboencephalon isthmus. Midbrain.
Reticular formation.
Mesencephalon. Nevrogenic group of the endocrine glands. |
6 |
||||
|
18. |
Forebrain:
hemisphere, sulci and gyrus. Olphactory
brain. Localisation of the function in cortex of the brain. Basal
nuclei and white matter of hemispheres. Lateral ventricles. Circulation of
cerebrospinal fluid. |
6 |
||||
|
19. |
Pathways. Classification: associative, commissural,
and projective.
Ascending
projective pathways. Descending projective pathways. |
6 |
||||
|
Content module 11. Organs of sense. |
||||||
|
20. |
Organ of smell. 1st pair of cranial nerves.
Smell tract. Skin. Skin derivates. Mammary gland. Organ of vision.
2nd pair of cranial nerve. Visual tract. Auxiliary organs of eye. 3rd, 4th, 6th cranial nerves. Organs of hearing and equilibrium. External
ear. Middle
ear. Tympanic cavity. Auditory tube. Internal ear. 8th pair of cranial nerves.
Acoustic tract. |
6 |
||||
|
Total |
60 |
|||||
|
Module 3. Heart. Vessels and nerves of head,
neck, trunk and extremities. |
|
|||||
|
Content module 12: Cranial nerves. |
|
|||||
|
21. |
Trigeminal nerve: 1st division. Trigeminal nerve: 2nd division. Trigeminal
nerve: 3rd division. |
6 |
|
|||
|
22. |
7th pair of cranial nerves. Intermedius nerve (8th pair). 9th
pair of cranial nerves. |
6 |
|
|||
|
23. |
10th, 11th, 12th pairs of cranial nerves. Cervical plexus.
Organ of taste.
Preparation
of brain and cranial nerves. |
6 |
|
|||
|
Content
module 13: Anatomy of heart. |
|
|||||
|
24. |
Pulmonary and systemic circle of blood
circulation. Heart. External and internal structure.
Conducting system of the heart. Topography of heart. Projection of valves,
places of their auscultation. |
6 |
|
|||
|
Content module 14: Vessels of head and
neck. |
|
|||||
|
25. |
Common and external carotid arteries. Anterior, middle and posterior branches of
external carotid artery. Terminal branches of external carotid artery: maxillary and superficial tempporal arteries. | |||||