Theme. 1. Female
reproductive system. Structure, position and function of
ovary. Uterus – development, shape, parts, structure
and topography. Uterine tubes.
2. Structure and topography of vagina, external
reproductive organs and urethra. Topography of small pelvis
organs on female.
3. Perineal muscles and fasciae on male and female.
Radiograph anatomy of urinary and reproductive organs.
A³m: To study funct³onal pecul³ar³t³es of female reproductive organs. Study
the funct³onal pecul³ar³t³es
of structure of per³neum ³n
male and female. To recognise urinary and
reproductive organs on radiographs.
Profess³onal orientation of students: Study the
structure and topography of female gen³tal organs and
urethra ³s necessary for therapy and surgery ³n gynaecology, obstatry. Knowledge about anatomy endocr³ne part of ovar³es ³s the base for phys³ology and cl³n³c endocr³nology. The
female genital organs consist of an internal and an external group. The
internal organs are situated within the pelvis, and consist of the ovaries, the
uterine tubes, the uterus, and the vagina. The external organs are placed below
the urogenital diaphragm and below and in front of the pubic arch.
Study
the structure per³neum ³n
male and female ³s necessary for surgery ³n gynaecology, abstaetry and urology. The perineum corresponds to the
outlet of the pelvis. Its deep boundaries are — in front, the pubic arch and
the arcuate ligament of the pubis; behind, the tip of
the coccyx; and on either side the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium, and
the sacrotuberous ligament. Knowledge
about anatomy of pelv³c d³aphragm
and ²sch³orectal fossa ³s
the base for phys³ology and cl³n³c
proctology.
I.
Practical work
– 9:00-12:00 am (4 hours)
1)
Work 1. Preparing of ovary.
Cut an
ovary in frontal plane on two parts on humid preparation. To determine cortex
and medulla matters.. To find the immature ovules in cork layer, which are present in small vesicles of primary
follicle. Try to find and show corpus luteum.
Work
2. Uterus preparing.
To fix
humid uterus preparation and make a
frontal cut through uterus cavity by scalpel. After front wall separation find and show uterus and
uterus cavity parts, palmate folds in uterus neck channel and external uterine
opening on uterus cervix.
Work
3. Preparing of ischiorectal fossa.
To make a skin cut from left ischial tuber to
right one on humid pelvis preparation. The cut line must be curved
in front. To make a middle second skin cut perpendicularly to first one. To
lead formed four pieces into side. To uncover superficial
fascia and than deep one. To find pair dip
prismatic excavation, which contains fat tissue, vessels and
nerves. To detach fatty cellulose and demonstrate ischiorectal fossa.
2)
Individual Students Program.
1.
D³v³s³on of female sex
organs ³nto external and ³nternal.
2.
²nternal sex organs.
3.
Ovary, structure, topography, funct³on,
and f³xat³ng apparatus.
4.
Ovary ³s the organ of ³nternal secret³on.
5.
Tubae uter³nae, structure, topography, funct³on.
6.
Uter³ne, ³ts structure, topography, funct³on.
7.
L³gaments and mesenter³c of the uterus.
8.
Phys³olog³cal pos³t³on of the uterus.
9.
Defects of development of uterus and organs.
10.
Vag³na, ³ts structure, topography, connect³ons.
11.
External sex organs.
12.
Pub³c.
13.
Vag³nal open³ng.
14.
Lab³um m³nus and lab³um majus.
15.
Vag³na vest³bule.
16.
M³nus and majus glands of vest³bule.
17.
Cl³tor, structure, corpus
cavernosus.
18.
Vest³bular bulbus.
19.
Hymen.
20.
Female urethral track, structure, topography, ost³um.
21.
Sph³ncters of female urethra
track.
22.
Urethra wall structure.
23.
Wh³ch format³ons are v³s³ble ³n X-ray ³mag³ne of k³dneys and ur³nary ways?
24.
Metrosalp³ngography.
25.
D³fferences between male and
female urethrae.
26.
Per³neum ³n general and part³cular ³mportance.
27.
Borders and tr³angles of per³neum.
28.
Structure of urogen³tal d³aphragm. Muscles and fasc³a.
29.
Structure of pelv³c d³aphragm. Muscles and fasc³a.
30.
Ad³pose t³ssue space of per³neum. ²sch³orectal fossa.
II.
Seminar discussion 12:30 am – 14:00 pm (2 hours)
1) Test evaluation
and situational tasks
A.
Spermatic cord.
B.
Testicle.
C.
Seminal vesicles.
D.
Prostate gland.
E.
Epidydimis.
A.
Between external seminal fascia and fascia of cremaster muscle.
B.
Between a skin and tunica dartos.
C.
Between a tunica dartos and
external seminal fascia.
D.
Between the parietal and visceral lamina of vaginal
tunic.
E.
Between internal seminal fascia and vaginal tunic.
A.
Membranous, prostatic, spongy.
B.
Spongy, prostatic, membranous.
C.
Membranous, spongy, prostatic.
D.
Prostatic, membranous, spongy.
E.
Spongy, membranous, prostatic.
A.
Rectum, prostate gland.
B.
Prostate gland.
C.
Rectum, seminal vesicles, ampule of ejaculatory duct.
D.
Male urethra.
E.
Cowper's (bulbourethral) glands.
A.
Cavernous.
B.
Spongy.
C.
Prostatic.
D.
Membranous.
E.
Bulbar.
A.
In a vesicouterine cavity.
B.
In a rectouterine cavity.
C.
In a rectovesical cavity.
D.
In a right lateral canal.
E.
In the left lateral canal.
III.
Independent
students work – 14:15pm – 15:00 pm
Initial level of knowledge and
skills are checked by solving situational tasks for each topic, answers in
test evaluations and constructive questions.
(the instructor has tests & situational tasks)
Student should
know:
Female reproductive
system. Structure, position and function of ovary. Uterus – development, shape,
parts, structure and topography. Uterine tubes. Structure and topography of
vagina, external reproductive organs and urethra. Topography of small pelvis
organs on female. Perineal muscles and fasciae on
male and female. Radiograph anatomy of urinary and reproductive organs.
Student should be
able to:
2.
Show proper ovaric
ligament and suspensory ovaric ligament
5.
Show endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
8.
Show urogenital triangle and
posterior anal triangle of perineum
9.
Show ischioanal
[ischiorectal] fossa
Correct answers of test
evaluations and situational tasks:
1.
D. 2. D. 3. E.
References:
à) basic
1. Atlas
of Human Anatomy/ Frank H. Netter,- 5
edition, - 2011 by Saunders, an Imprint of Elsevior
Inc.
3.
Materials preparation
for lectures
4.
Materials preparation
for practical
classes
b) additional
2.
F.H. Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy. – C³ba Pharmaceut³cals D³v³s³on, 1994. – 514 p.
3.
Syneln³kov R.D. The atlas of
anatomy of the man. ²n
4-th volumes. -: Med³c³na, 1991.
4.
Reminetskyy B.Y., Fedonyuk Y.I. Human anatomy. Notes. 136 p.
5.
Lectures.
The
instruction was discussed and confirmed at the department meeting
25.06.2012.
Protocol number 11