LESSON
#3 (6 HOURS)
Theme: Temporal bone. Maxilla. Palatine
bone. Nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, bones. Inferior nasal concha, vomer, mandible.
Hyoid bone.
Aim. To study structure of
the temporal bone and its parts, to elucidate way of the canals.
To study structure, location and correlation viscerocranium
elements with adjacent bones of face.
Professional orientation of
students: knowledge the structure of temporal bone
and its parts allows to understand morphological peculiarities of cavities for
external, middle and internal ear, passage the cranial nerves also important
vessels. The correct structure and position of temporal bone are very important
for normal functioning of hearing and balansing sensority, innervating different organs. knowledge
the structure of facial portion of the skull allows to understand morphological
peculiarities of cavities for eyes, nose, mouth, pharynx and cranial nerves
also important vessels, action of the mastication and neck muscles. The correct
structure and position of viscerocranium elements are
very important for normal functioning of oral digestive and respiratory organs.
Understanding the structure is a fundamental base for the neurosurgical, and therapeutical practice also traumatology and ENT
specialist.
Basic Level.
Structure
of thoracic vertebrae, roman (Latin) terminology.
I.
Practical work
– 9:00-12:00 am (4 hours)
1)
Illustrative materialss:
Skeleton.
Skull.
Temporal
bone.
Maxilla.
Training video.
Training X-ray film, CT scans
and MRI.
2)
Methodology of
Practical Class.
Work 1.. Studying
anatomy of temporal bone
After the consultation, using textbooks and atlases, to learn an anatomy of temporal
bones on separate preparations, sections and
on skull.
Work 2:
. Studying anatomy of facial skull
After the active teacher’s consultation, using
textbooks and atlases, to learn an
anatomy of facial skull bones on separate preparations and on skull.
3)
Demonstrate on preparations:
Skull: topografy of the temporal fossa.
Temporal
bone: petrous, tympanic and sguamous parts. Petrosguamous, petrotympanic, tympanomastoid, tympanosguamous
fissure. Petrous part: surfaces, grooves, foramens, fossas,
processes. Tympanic part: external acoustic opening. Sguamous
part: margins, surfaces, grooves, processes. Canals: carotid, musculotubal, facial; canaliculus:
for chorda tympani, tympanic, mastoid.
Temporal
bone: facial canal, walls of the tympanic cavity, osseous labyrinth.
Skull:
base.
Maxilla:
body, orbital, infratemporal, nasal and anterior
surfaces. Frontal process, alveolar process, palatine and zygomatic
process.
Palatine
bone: horizontal and perpendicular plate; ethmoid and
conchal crests; orbital, sphenoidal
and pyramidal processes; palatine canal.
Mandible:
body, base, mental protuberance, mental spine; digastric, sublingual and
submandibular fossaes; mylohyoid
line, alveolar arch, dental alveoli, interalveolar
septa, alveolar yokes. Ramus of the mandible: angle, masseteric
and pterygoid tuberosity, coronoid process,
mandibular notch, mandibular foramen, condylar process, head and neck of the
mandible.
Zygomatic bone: lateral, temporal and orbital
surfaces; temporal and frontal process; zygomaticofacial,
zygomaticoorbital and zygomaticotemporal
foramens.
Nasal
bone: ethmoid groove.
Lacrimal
bone: posterior lacrimal crest, lacrimal groove.
Inferior
nasal concha: lacrimal, maxillar and ethmoidal processes.
Vomer: wing of the vomer.
Hyoid
bone: body, greater and lesser horns.
I.
II. Seminar discussion 12:30 am – 14:00 pm (2 hours)
1) Special attention
should be paid to the following questions:
1.
What cavities does temporal form and what organs does it contain?
2.
Describe the topography of the temporal bone.
3.
What parts does temporal bone consist of?
4.
What formations separate parts of the temporal bone each other?
5.
What part of the temporal bone has a difficult structure?
6.
What margins and surfaces does pyramid have?
7.
What anatomical formations are located in pyramid?
8.
Demonstrate tympanic cavity.
9.
Describe the structure of squamous part.
10.
Describe the structure of the mastoid process.
11.
What skull bones is maxilla border up?
12.
What cavities does maxilla form?
13.
What parts does maxilla have?
14.
What surfaces does maxilla have? What anatomical formations are located in
them?
15.
What surface of the maxilla is maxillary sinus dislocated? What its practical
importance?
16.
Infra-orbital canal, its topography, foramina, practical importance.
17.
What parts do they distinguish in mandible?
18.
Describe the structure of mandible body and demonstrate anatomical formations.
19.
What formations do mandible branches have?
20.
What formations are dislocated in alveolar arch?
21.
Where is mandible angle found?
22.
Where are entrance and exit orifices of the mandible dislocated?
23.
What formations does palatine border?
24.
What parts do they distinguish in palatine? What formations are dislocated in
it?
25.
How are greater and lesser palatine canals?
26.
What do belong to small bones of scull?
27.
Where are dislocated zygomatics and what do they
border with?
What
surface and formations does zygomatic have? What
fossa and cavities does
ІІІ. Independent students work – 14:15 – 15:00 pm
References:
а) basic
1. Atlas
of Human Anatomy/ Frank H. Netter,- 5
edition, - 2011 by Saunders, an Imprint of Elsevior
Inc.
3.
Materials preparation
for lectures
4.
Materials preparation
for practical
classes
b)
additional
2.
F.H. Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy. – Cіba Pharmaceutіcals Dіvіsіon, 1994. – 514 p.
3.
Synelnіkov R.D. The atlas of
anatomy of the man. Іn 4-th volumes. -: Medіcіna, 1991.
4.
Reminetskyy B.Y., Fedonyuk Y.I. Human anatomy. Notes.
136 p.
5.
Lectures.
Methodical instructions have been prepared by: Assistant Prof. A.V.Miz
The
instruction was discussed and confirmed at the department meeting
12.06.2013. Protocol number 11